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Exam 7: Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior

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Question 91

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A number of psychologists expanded on Freud's theories and classical psychoanalysis by integrating newer ideas into his original framework. Object-relations theory focuses on integrating parts of the self and integrating good with bad to form whole object representations, which are thought to be necessary for satisfying relationships. Which object-relations theorist identified splitting as a defense mechanism used by infants when they felt ambivalent toward their caretakers?

A) Melanie Klein
B) D) W. Winnicott
C) Anna Freud
D) Margaret Mahler

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Question 92

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There are four main theories of gender role development. A girl who plays with dolls because she has observed other girls doing so and has received positive reinforcement for doing so is a reflection of which theory?

A) Gender-schema theory
B) Psychoanalytic theory
C) Social-learning theory
D) Cognitive-developmental theory

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 93

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According to social cognitive career theory, an individual's career search can be influenced by his or her self-efficacy beliefs. Social cognitive career theory identifies four factors that can affect someone's self-efficacy beliefs. One of these is __________ .

There are a number of theories about the identity development of different ethnic groups. Which of the following models discusses six stages of racial identity development for white people?

Heather believes that she is destined for failure, that others are "out to get her," and that she is worthless. On Tuesday, she found out she was accepted to medical school, received an A on a microbiology exam, and got into an argument with her mother. When Heather tells her boyfriend about her day, she focuses on the argument with her mother, saying that it happened because she is a terrible person. She dismisses the two good events in her life, saying "they're just mistakes." Heather is focused on the fight with her mother because it matches her: